Win the MAX in live poker games. 6-max poker strategy (2023) Poker omaha limit pot chart preflop flop bot bestpokercoaching coaching pre bullshit programming universal odds beauprez coach become interview professional Poker max hand mp raising range open starting chartsMaking mistakes in the preflop betting round can ruin your poker game. Now, some 3bet ranges are very easy to estimate and others are much more difficult. 3. Poker 6 max preflop chart jul 2022. Buckets Chart (Preflop) 7 mins. In other words, it’s not a big deal to slightly overfold when facing a preflop 4bet from an unknown. The Raise First In (RFI) charts show which hands to play when everyone folds to. 25% range - balanced. Specifically the hand-range charts below are taken from the book, but most of the pre-flop information is generally accepted micro-stakes strategy. The starting hands charts allow to understand ranges clearly and allows you to develop both preflop and postflop decision making. NOTE 3: Exact recommended starting hands may vary slightly from one resource to another. Keep it simple! If you have a gutshot, open-ended straight draw, or flush draw, you. You always want to give your opponents the maximum rope to do. These 9 max preflop charts show you which hands you should call, fold or raise in the most common situations with a stack of 100bb. Preflop poker ranges for 3-betting and 4-betting are a lot more complex, as they consider. The first skill in Ed Miller’s The Course — and really, the first skill any poker player needs to master — is having a good pre-flop range. Increased aggression over 9-player tourneys When the blinds surpass the 50/100 level one of the most common, and necessary, plays of 6-max Sit and Go’s will be blind steals from the button. Preflop Strategy. First to act in Full RingMainly cash, 1/3 NL with a $500 buy-in. If you limp on the button with JsTs and the big blind gets to see the flop for free with A♥2♣, he will win the pot roughly 51% of the time. Play dynamic and adjust to your opponents tendencies. How to Use the 8 max MTT Preflop Range Charts There are poker charts for the three most common types of preflop situation. Use these exploitative charts for small stakes tournament. The questions cover the following topics: 3-betting with 40 big blind stacks. Learning how to play solid preflop is the first step towards becoming a winning player. 19bb per hand). it’s essential to calculate your preflop equities against the RANGE of hands you might be facing, instead of against one particular holding. Implementable GTO 3-Betting ranges. 1) Nit - tightest player at the table, small winners at best, not recommended. Hero is in the cutoff with A♠ Q♠ UTG raises to $6. com. Cash: Standard: Get: 4-Max. Poker preflop chart range printable pdf charts strategy ranges automatic Strategy poker preflop 8. GTO Wizard has you 3! 84. Poker Winning Hands Chart: Hand Rankings. Standard Version $ 59 99. Investment will return soon. We want dedicated players to have quick access to the highest-quality preflop charts. I will explain how to use these preflop ranges and when to consider. Max poker open strategy preflop charts cash game ranges handed position games raise each nlhe raising crush champion where Poker odds spreadsheet with regard to preflop poker range construction Poker preflop strategy: fixed limit preflop hand chart (6 max) for. 50 = 0. Complete the (JJ) square. We offer full preflop and postflop solutions for 100BB, 150BB, 200BB stack depths. mkr files) for MonkerSolver and . 2 Inch Filet Mignon Grill Time Chart. Texas holdem strategy – 3 essential technical skills to winHow to use your 6-max preflop chart – best poker coaching Poker texas holdem tips hands preflop 2nl starting charts range guide play blackrain79 strategy chart beginner beat stakes micro. Then select the positions of both yourself and the other players at the table. My hardest part is in valualing sub 10 hands like 98s, or 43s. GTO preflop vs limpers. Fold more because you aren't getting the extra blind from the antes. It's time to say goodbye to the printed charts on the wall! The program. The more you practice with poker ranges, the easier it is to estimate and visualize them at the tables. Starting hand poker chart charts hands pokervip preflop position strategy table limit texas handed hold em short shorthand playPoker hand rankings in order 6 max opening ranges – 6 handed poker strategy guideMax poker hand starting chart range ranges hands opening strategy charts handed cash open raise button note. Ranging an opponent as the preflop caller. Wide Ranging: A GTO strategy in 6 max poker requires a wide ranging strategy, meaning players should have a balanced range of hands that they play in each situation. heads up gto charts; push/fold charts. Optimal Bet Sizing when raising. You then simply navigate through the dropdown menu to select the stack depth, position, and action sequence. The opening range is 34. Looked through a lot of resources but haven't found any other free content that is remotely as useful. Infographic: Pre-Flop Ranges. 30 Apr 2023. See full list on microgrinder. Here are the guidelines: For open raising, if you see 3x that means 3 times the big blind. These ranges will help give you the edge over your opponents, and win more money. Any recs on features etc?gtocharts. The Ranges Include: Raise First In (RFI) Ranges; 3-Betting Ranges; Cold Calling Ranges; Blind. Implementable GTO 3-Betting ranges. Poker preflop chart range printable pdf charts strategy ranges automatic Strategy poker preflop 8 max 50bb 12. How to Use the 8 max MTT Preflop Range Charts There are poker charts for the three most common types of preflop situation. 6 Max Preflop Chart. (Compatible with all. GTO Trainer. This chart details the Hole Cards that we believe you should open with in an 8-max No-Limit Hold ‘Em tournament without antes – such as Match Poker Online’s™ Scrap game. BB – Big. and 3-bet around the top 1/3 of that range. A poker range chart is a visual representation of these ranges. Poker Preflop Strategy: Fixed Limit Preflop Hand Chart (6 Max) for. 439 preflop charts for online cash games, live cash games, and tournaments. When using Chart #2, however, we want to size up the opponents still to act. How you adjust your opening ranges will depend on the tendencies of your opponents. It includes RFI and facing RFI & 3bet, but it doesn't cover facing limpers. Gto preflop charts usually assume most pots are heads up which don’t the case in 1/2. 5% opening range: If you are opening to a larger size (3x) versus a loose opponent, it is usually best to open somewhere between 70% and 80% of hands. With incredibly fast Cloud. A6o means you should play all A7o or better offsuit aces. Learn which hands to open raise in MTT's - Watch lesson 6. 1 - The Raise First In (RFI) Ranges show which hands to play in each position when all other players have folded to you. Leverage your range advantage with small bets as the 4-bettor. We created the charts for 5-6 handed plays with 100-200 ante stacksize. • Full House: A pair plus three of a kind in the same hand. Mark Manson. Preflop strategy texas intermediate 888poker poker chart guide folding starting max charts hand ultimate strategy found magazine open zoom preflop ranges poker range raise sb hands coaching building f. Here’s a brief rundown of suggested pre-flop raising hand ranges (or pre-flop opening ranges) for opening a pot in each position, along with bet sizing, for a relatively aggressive 6-Max ring game. Sit and go prize pools Other preflop strategy tips. Also available is a $20. The thing about preflop charts (and the upswing article mentions. Note that the range of hands that we can open-raise with. Hero’s opening range from the HiJack will look something like this:This range is suitable for tight-aggressive players and in middle positions on max-6 tables. The first thing I will tell any student. That is why they are called opening ranges. have updated our 6 max Game Theory optimal Pre Flop Charts so you now know exactly what to do in any situation pre flop in a sin. Download now!. The real thing we should be worried about in poker is RTAs but few people (myself included) truly understand them, but we all have seen preflop charts. Preflop Cash Game Poker Made Easy. MTT and ICM ranges, PLO ranges, cash game no limit holdem ranges from heads up to 6max to 9 handed full ring, Spin & Go, 6max Hyper Turbo SnGs and more. With fewer cards in the deck, you’ll hit your outs more often too. It shouldn’t be a surprise that the best starting hands in PLO involve 4-cards, Ten and higher. Critique this noob's preflop opening ranges : poker. Go to lesson. 1. As explained in more detail below, the exploitative ranges are built from the GTO ones, so we begin with a fuller description of those. Cold Callers panel: Here you can choose. This gives you the possibility to call with a wider range. So you actually need to construct your range to be more conducive for those multi-way pots. How to generate and represent your own range. Therefore, I assigned him a standard UTG opening range of 22+, ATs+, KJs+, QJs, JTs, T9s, 98s, 87s, AJo+, and KQo. 6-Max Cash Game. Here is an example-hand to demonstrate how a 5-bet bluff works: Full Tilt Poker Game #10852419747: Table Worron (deep hu) - $0. A chart is never the optimum solution because the individual situation in poker is well above general rules. 1. Poker Analysis Software. 5% range). 1st Chart: Shows you which hands are profitable shoves if you have the given stack size or less. Looking for 9-max Online & Live Cash Preflop charts (including, RFI, vs RFI, vs 3-bet, etc. vs HAND #2. Access to our private poker group where you can get help with your strategy. 6 max cash a; 6 max cash b (200 bb) 6 max cash c (100bb/200bb) tournament. I recommend playing approximately: The top 20% of your hands in 6-max. com itself it has the same charts under the Tools section under "GTO Cash Game Preflop Charts". It tells you which two cards to play from each position at a 6max table. “Having my preflop ranges just a tap away at any time is HUGE. We paid special attention to making the chart simple to use, and fitting on 1 page for ease of use. If you open the pot by calling the BB, it is called limping. How to Use the 6 max Preflop Range Charts There. How to put your opponent on a hand and how to narrow this range down across the streets. Finally, note that strategy with these more speculative hands, and play in general, will be altered according to your stack size. If your hand is suited, match your hole cards in the upper right half of the table. 9 Max Preflop Chart. The twin concepts of lowering your starting hand requirements and playing those hands positively and aggressively come into play during the early stages of 6-max SNG tournaments. The PokerSnowie Preflop app is available on iOS smarphones and it provides advice on how to play hole cards in a variety of situations for 6-max and 10-max NL Hold'em tables. The range charts from The Upswing Lab indicate that we can either 3-bet or call with A♠Q♠ against a UTG open in 6-max. You don't have to play a hand just because the chart says you should - and it's not the end of. This module is designed to access every possible BB flatting or 3bet spot versus multiple sizings with and without cold callers. So you can seamlessly switch between games knowing that your preflop strategy is correct. Chart ex. Chart View; Range View; Trainer; Cancel at any time; PKO Preflop Charts & Trainer $ 12 99 / month / mo $ 129. Preflop 3-betting ranges. e. 6 out of 5. HAND #1. For each position there is an open raising range and the corresponding call 3-bet and 4-bet ranges. In order to simplify things, he considers everything from UTG to the lo-jack as early position. Vs Min Raise: 3-bet to 8BB Vs 2. Poker app, switch to range app while waiting for your turn. Before using the charts, have a look at the explanations provided in the next paragraphs. 50 after rake. These are the preflop poker range charts Jacob Topley gives to all students when they start. This 6-max chart should be used as a general starting point. Open Raising Range [Note: These are suggested open raises from each position at the table. 5bb sizing. At 28/23, the player may be playing too loose and aggressively. Especially hands that are speculative can be added (lower pairs and lower suited. When you’re not the first player to enter the pot, re. Poker preflop gtoHow to use your 6-max preflop chart – best poker coaching Preflop gto poker descriptionPre-flop ranges (8-max) by match poker online. Poker max hand mp raising range open starting charts preflop strategy intermediate poker max handed strategy ranges charts preflop starting position upswing range cash hand game raising table guide ev. The top 15% of your hands in full ring. Many poker books for beginners advocate a set range from each position, and their suggestions are usually quite conservative to keep new players out of trouble. 200NL 6-Max. Preflop range charts. 6-Max they play around 20%. 75 until November 27, 2023 . : T9s in this chart will be 100% flatted preflop vs an open raise and should be called vs a 3-bet all-in of one or more players (100-200a. Learn how to play fundamentally sound poker preflop by signing up to get my preflop charts. Based on MDF, we should be continuing here with 67% of our range. The 13 pairs and 156 unpaired hands give a total of 1326 unique combos of hands. If it’s profitable to limp with a hand pre-flop, it’s generally more profitable to raise in order to put pressure on the blinds. 8-7-6-5-4 (all of the same suit) 4-of-a-Kind. I want to improve my Preflop hand selection. villain's PFR, 3-betting OOP, defending blinds, etc. Here you’ll find the range of top-ranking poker hands from the very best, a Royal Flush, to the very worst, High Card. Kaank56 • 2 yr. This Spin & Go preflop chart were developed by our coaching team, and you can rely on them fully. These provide your Pre-Flop Ranges depending on your position, as explained below. Again, recommendations. Comparing them to the Upswing Poker charts for 9-max; if you compare BTN to BTN. They are dependent on your position, explained. 50. 3 Handed - Push/Fold Charts. Some players will consistently 4-bet their AA and KK and consistently call 3-bets with QQ and JJ (which makes them easy to read). Get free preflop charts here and start playing like a pro before the flop. As far as playing 3/4/5 handed vs. NLH 6-MAX (RAKE 5%, 1BB) Includes 20bb, 30bb, 40bb, 50bb, 70bb, 100bb, 150bb, 200bb ranges for NL Hold'em cash games. Step 4) Believe in the push/fold ranges and fire away. You have the options of a credit/debit card or PayPal. Max poker strategy handed cash game ultimate guide device enlarge preflop ranges payhip max ranges flop raising open btn range pre poker sb max charts poker cash flop pre stack games exchange max cha. The GTO 6-max ranges are close to the pure output from the. Return of Investment is the percentage of the average buy in which you make per tournament played. 6 max cash. To be more difficult to read, you will occasionally want to have watches like AA in your call 3-bet range. It is an application in the browser where you can bring to automatism and, finally, memorize all preflop charts in just a few weeks of hard training. Poker Starting Hand Chart (6-Max Cash, 100bb) As such, it’s essential only to raise hands that are going to be +EV to start with (for an open-raise). 5. Add one, AJ triangle minus KQo. I'm playing with a simple website idea to display GTO preflop ranges. You can see the hands order below starting with the highest ending with the lowest: • Royal Flush: 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace all in the same suit. The first and easiest part is the pre-flop strategy. Be wary of jamming your weak off-suit aces. While these charts will work well in most situations, you should adjust them to take your specific situation into account. This is because most live poker rooms only take money from the pot once the flop is dealt. by Utkarsh | May 16, 2023 | Blogs. Don't take the starting hand chart as gospel! Many beginners are encouraged to make use of a starting hands chart (SHC)when first embarking on a poker career. Double suited is good, suited aces are good, big cards are good, pairs are good , connectedness is good. Using preflop range charts Game theory optimal poker 6-max pre-flop ranges. 6 Max Preflop Chart. Then, there are many more suited connectors like 89s and 78s. Pay attention to preflop charts. Log In. So let’s have a look at how the positions are different in 6max compared to a 9-handed table: 1. Etc. In cash games, open-raises of around 3x are common because of the deeper stack-to-pot ratio. All pockets, Complete the (AJ) triangle. There is only a 6% edge for the best Omaha hand to win against the second-best Omaha hand, versus the 66% edge in. Even if your preflop strategy is to fold, it’s a good strategy if you have a weak hand. If you’re not sure how to gauge the strength of your preflop hand, consider studying a preflop chart. PREFLOP Poker RANGE. Learn More. Hyper 6-Max Preflop Charts & Trainer $ 4 99 / month / mo $ 49 99 / year / yr. 37% Big Blind Vs Button 3. For Pluribus, I tried taking hands that were opened at near 100% frequency from each position. Hero… The player UTG has been raising almost every hand, and continues that trend here. This is a major leak for newer players. How poker hand range charts work! Range Combos. By reducing the number of players, 6-max. Use our Preflop Trainer to practice ranges and memorize your strategy. 5x IP 3bet, 10x OOP 3bet, 5% rake, and all positions except BTN and BB play 3-bet or fold. Strategy. Id honestly go with Zenith over GTO as a beginner. At one end of the spectrum, a player with 15/14 statistics will be an overly tight regular. Vishesh Gupta. 30 Aug 2023. Master Preflop Play with the New Advanced Solver Ranges - Upswing Poker 🖅︎ & Software The Advanced Solver Ranges, now available to Upswing Lab members,. Another clear sign would be if the btn flatting range vs opens is much tighter/non existent. The preflop ranges were solved for a typical higher rake environment, like you would find at Pokerstars 100NL with a rake of 5% with 2. 5/1$ online and 2/5$ live cash games. For early (EP), middle (MP) and late (CO, BTN) positions, the range of an open raise in zoom poker can be displayed as follows:Learn and apply your strategy. Push Helper - useful push fold chart based on Nash equilibrium for the most popular Poker kind Texas Holdem Poker For the better results in Sit&Go or MTT tournaments professional poker players use the "Push or Fold" strategy. You don't have to play a hand just because the chart says you should - and it's not the end of the world if you play looser than it suggests. The thinner shoves will appear in a much fainter green (between +0. For example, if you play $5 SNGs and your ROI is 10%, this means you are winning $0. These charts should give you an idea of which hands to play in certain spots. Get your hands on this free PDF now and take your poker game to the next level. 6-max or 6-handed poker started replacing full-ring (9-handed poker games) as the most popular format once the players noticed. Fold more because you aren't getting the extra blind from the antes. The ranges of successful players are adjusted frequently based on a variety of. They are added as 3-betting light hands. I recommend using the charts in our Freebetrange poker tool - they’re available right after signing up. (This is also the case in the early levels of an MTT when stacks are 100+ big. Really Good Low Stakes 6-Max Preflop Ranges 2021 (Free Matrix Viewer at Overnightmonster. Determine the hands you can profitably play from each position using a poker tracker. 8% UTG+1= 4bb Range=17. For example, if they open raise from UTG in a 6-max online game, and they seem like a decent player, we might assume they are playing the range. The frequency seems pretty close but the composition seems slightly off. This resource pack includes printable PDF and Equilab 6-max No Limit Hold'em range charts, as well as an overview of the ranges and step-by-step instructions on how to import them into Equilab. GTO Wizard has free preflop ranges. As far as 6-max, just shorten up the starting hand ranges for opens. If the turn was the J, this range would have 5 combinations of flushes in a range containing 89 hands, or about 6% flushes. GTO Chart 3. . Use our Preflop Trainer to practice ranges and memorize your strategy. Learn the starting hand groups (pairs, offsuit, suited, trash hands) and how to play them right. The Ranges Include: Raise First In (RFI) Ranges; 3-Betting Ranges; Cold Calling Ranges; Blind Defense Ranges ไฟล์แนะนำ สำหรับการเล่น Preflop ในการเล่น 6-Max Cash Game แบบ GTO สามารถคลิกดูได้ที่. Introducing an exciting new addition to our NL Holdem preflop range/chart packages: our innovative poker training software feature. or $99/mo billed monthly. We paid special attention to making the chart simple to use, and fitting on 1 page for ease of use. you should have the basic 6-max poker hand chart as your baseline. It's designed to play better in multi-way pots since that's how live low stakes poker usually is. HU SNGs. We’re in the big blind with 19 big blinds, facing a button minraise. I recommend using the charts in our Freebetrange poker tool - they’re available right after signing up. everything is pretty standard i feel except i have 2 questions: 1) i've listened to some training videos where. Hero raises to $5. The Four-Step Process For Poker Range Construction Preflop: So the 4 step process for developing our ranges: Estimate the ranges from each position (UTG, MP, CO, etc. GTO (Game Theory Optimal) charts are used in poker to help players make optimal decisions based on game theory principles. Pre-flop charts 6-max cash games. 5 Tips to Stop Bleeding Chips from the Small Blind | LaptrinhX / News Instead, we have a new lineup of positions namely — Lowjack (LJ), Hijack (HJ), Cut-Off (CO), Button (BTN), Small Blind (SB), and Big Blind (BB). I want to improve my Preflop hand selection. How to Use the 8 max MTT Preflop Range Charts There are poker charts for the three most common types of. . The ranges of successful players are adjusted frequently based on a variety of factors, including but not limited to these three. 6-Max GTO Preflop Charts. 1. 270 winchester short magnum / . This 6-max Preflop Chart was developed by our coaching team, after analyzing 15 million hands – so you can rely on it fully. The Ultimate Tournament Course. The range charts from The Upswing Lab indicate that we can either 3-bet or call with A♠Q♠ against a UTG open in 6-max. Win the MAX in live poker games. The 6-Max Hyper Preflop Charts & Trainer is the easiest and quickest way for you to lock down your hyper-turbo strategy and move up limits! This package is loaded with strategically sound strategies that can be used at any stakes. As seen in the charts above, weak aces are losing pushes from UTG and middle position, even with 10bb stacks. In the image above, we see how the big blind should respond to a cut-off player's open at 40bb (blue = fold, green = call, light brown = raise, dark brown = all-in). In Short Deck Hold’em, your chances of flopping an open-ended straight draw are 19% (compared to 10% in a full-deck game). Learn More. vi) Edge/Reads. Anything that doesn't have a number, don't play. Again, know. Basically you click your two highest cards with suitedness and then clicks into two lower cards. Join the Lab to get all of the charts. 6 max tournament(100bb) spin and go – gto charts; pot limit omaha. Texas holdem poker strategy card Poker strategy charts chart guidePoker strategy starting hand chart. NL 100 (midA) uses mid-stakes rake levels (5%, 2. Range Comparison 2 mins. Make it a T9 rectangle, add the SCs down to four. Broom. Learn how to play fundamentally sound poker preflop by signing up to get my preflop charts. 5% (compared to 31. 0 to 2. Zenith poker as well. Preflop + Poker GTO Nash Charts (Free / $74. Learn how to play fundamentally sound poker preflop by signing up to get my preflop charts. Ranges flop poker utg hijack 8max hjPoker preflop strategy: fixed limit preflop hand chart (6 max) for Preflop ranges payhipUltimate guide to 6-handed poker. 100BB Effective Stacks. (145 Pages). How preflop strategy changes from 6-max to heads up, for. These free 6 max preflop charts provide an in-depth guide to get off on the right foot in small stakes cash games online. 270 — gunsandammoReloading data . To master 60bb preflop play in 8 max NLHE Tournaments, a good set of MTT poker charts are essential. How to Use a Preflop Range Chart. A preflop charts is 100% plug-and-play, and you don't lose much EV compare to a theoretical best exploitative player even if you never deviate. The Best Keeps Getting Better. As seen in the charts above,. This 6-max chart should be used as a general starting point. 9 Max Preflop Chart. 5x Raise: 3-bet to 9BB Vs 3x Raise: 3-bet to 10BB This prevents your opponent from getting to see a flop cheaply in position and allows you to. 1. Equity Graph 2 minsPoker preflop charts from UpswingPoker. max ranges flop raising open btn range pre poker sb preflop ranges multiway tournament 888poker poker chart guide folding starting max charts hand ultimate strategy found magazine 500z 100bb preflop . Poker gun under chart utg position might something look play 888poker magazinePoker preflop strategy: fixed limit preflop hand chart (6 max) for Preflop range charts good poker handy useless skills solid keep without while playPreflop flop 76s. You make the most decisions preflop of any street. MP RANGE. For those brand new to the poker ranges, we have a few conventions and guidelines that most hand range charts follow. 5BB per player), solved without rake. 5bb sizing. Below you see the ranges for every position in a NL 6-max game: UTG pre-flop ranges. Preflop Mistake #1: Limping. Again, recommendations. We. 2 folds. The $12. 5x sizings. You make the most decisions preflop of any street. Learning how to defend against 3-Bets well in today's small stakes poker games will be a big key to your success. Where Snowie Preflop Advisor is mostly opening 3x. I also used to access upswing char Cutoff Raise First In (40 bb Effective) Considering the bottom of your range 40 bb deep in the cutoff, remember these two hands: offsuit nine combos and suited sixes (40% of your range). Check Details Texas hold'em poker rulesPoker Preflop Strategy: Fixed Limit Preflop Hand Chart (6 Max) for. As always, keep in mind that while good preflop play is the easiest leak to fix, you should consider your table as well. A A K K , the best Omaha poker hand, is only 33% to win (41% to tie) against the second-best starting hand A A 10 J . Like many of the courses on the site, this one is also aimed at more advanced players who are looking. 1% raw equity needed. The Upswing Poker app features Preflop charts from top poker players like Doug Polk & Ryan Fee. You will learn when certain poker starting hands are playable and why, as well as how to extract maximum profit from them. Seems like a lot of calling, I've been told I call too much from BB before, thought we should mainly 3 bet or fold? I know he's mainly a tournament player, I'm playing cash. Many factors go into which hands to 3-bet and 4-bet: Position, the opening range of the original raiser, raise size, effective stacks and postflop. full ring push fold a (1-20 bb) full ring push fold b (4-15 bb) 6 max push fold b (4-15 bb) 3 handed push fold. 6 max tournament(100bb) spin and go – gto charts; pot limit omaha. Many players have preflop leaks. Unfortunately they're not in the downloadable pdf format but you can bring up charts for a wide variety of situations by specifying stack. You will find the open raising range for each. BB call-4bet / 5bet jam range; HU Preflop Considerations - Ranges. You literally would have two people making zero preflop decisions and playing the identical. CO pre-flop.